SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer.

Humans have infected a wide range of animals with SARS-CoV-21-5, but the establishment of a new natural animal reservoir has not been observed. Here we document that free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are highly susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2, are exposed to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants from humans and are capable of sustaining transmission in nature. Using real-time PCR with reverse transcription, we detected SARS-CoV-2 in more than one-third (129 out of 360, 35.8%) of nasal swabs obtained from O. virginianus in northeast Ohio in the USA during January to March 2021. Deer in six locations were infected with three SARS-CoV-2 lineages (B.1.2, B.1.582 and B.1.596). The B.1.2 viruses, dominant in humans in Ohio at the time, infected deer in four locations. We detected probable deer-to-deer transmission of B.1.2, B.1.582 and B.1.596 viruses, enabling the virus to acquire amino acid substitutions in the spike protein (including the receptor-binding domain) and ORF1 that are observed infrequently in humans. No spillback to humans was observed, but these findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 viruses have been transmitted in wildlife in the USA, potentially opening new pathways for evolution. There is an urgent need to establish comprehensive 'One Health' programmes to monitor the environment, deer and other wildlife hosts globally.

A One Health Approach to Child Stunting: Evidence and Research Agenda.

Stunting (low height for age) affects approximately one-quarter of children aged < 5 years worldwide. Given the limited impact of current interventions for stunting, new multisectoral evidence-based approaches are needed to decrease the burden of stunting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recognizing that the health of people, animals, and the environment are connected, we present the rationale and research agenda for considering a One Health approach to child stunting. We contend that a One Health strategy may uncover new approaches to tackling child stunting by addressing several interdependent factors that prevent children from thriving in LMICs, and that coordinated interventions among human health, animal health, and environmental health sectors may have a synergistic effect in stunting reduction.

Antibiotic resistome from the One-Health perspective: understanding and controlling antimicrobial resistance transmission.

The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the important findings from each One-Health sector considering this concept, thereby emphasizing the significance of the One-Health approach in understanding ARG transmission. Cutting-edge research methodologies are essential for deciphering the complex resistome structure in the microbiomes of humans, animals, and the environment. Based on the recent achievements of resistome studies in multiple One-Health sectors, future directions for resistome research have been suggested to improve the understanding and control of ARG transmission: (1) ranking the critical ARGs and their hosts; (2) understanding ARG transmission at the interfaces of One-Health sectors; (3) identifying selective pressures affecting the emergence, transmission, and evolution of ARGs; and (4) elucidating the mechanisms that allow an organism to overcome taxonomic barriers in ARG transmission.

Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in Africa in one health approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are a global challenge currently as reported by the World Health Organization. It is also important to recognize that combating antimicrobial resistance needs to recognize the interconnections between people, animals, plants and their shared environment in creating public health, the so-called One Health approach. Although the presence of VRE has been described in many regions of the world, there is a lack of comprehensive data indicating their prevalence of in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to aggregate the result of studies describing VRE reported across multiple regions in Africa. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google scholar, and Hinari with the term "Vancomycin resistance enterococcus in Africa" on August 1-3, 2019. All available articles were downloaded to "Endnote version 7.1" then to Microsoft Word 2013. Articles determined to meet our criteria for the review was extracted to Microsoft Excel 2013. Those articles that reported the prevalence of vancomycin resistance Enterococcus obtained from all sample types and published from 2010 to 2019 in the English language were included for the review. A meta-analysis was conducted with OpenMetaAnalyst version R.3.1.0 software. The effect size was determined using a binary random effect model and statically significant considered when p < 0.05. Heterogeneity determined with the inconsistency index. A leave one out analysis used to perform the sensitivity analysis. There were 151 articles identified from the database searches; of this, 36 articles included after extensive review with two independent authors. Out of 4073 samples collected, 1488 isolates identified with an overall pooled prevalence of VRE 26.8% (95% CI; 10.7-43.0%) in Africa with a one-health perspective. The analysis showed that considerable heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 99.97%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis in-country, African region, laboratory method, year of publication, and sample source showed that a high prevalence was identified from South Africa (74.8%), South African regions (74.8%), PCR (959.2%), 2010-2015 years (30.3%) and environmental (52.2%), respectively. This meta-analysis indicates that there was a high-pooled prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in African. A lot should be done to prevent and control the transmission of vancomycin resistance enterococci to a human being from the environment in the continent.

Is COVID-19 the first pandemic that evolves into a panzootic?

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus that has achieved community spread among humans and become a pandemic. Transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. Pigs, cats, ferrets, and primates have been identified as good candidates for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The potential implications indicate the need for One Health surveillance, intervention, and management strategies to mitigate the effects on animal populations and prevent a second preparedness failure during this health emergency.

Enhanced One Health Surveillance during the 58th Presidential Inauguration-District of Columbia, January 2017.

OBJECTIVE: In January 2017, Washington, DC, hosted the 58th United States presidential inauguration. The DC Department of Health leveraged multiple health surveillance approaches, including syndromic surveillance (human and animal) and medical aid station-based patient tracking, to detect disease and injury associated with this mass gathering. METHODS: Patient data were collected from a regional syndromic surveillance system, medical aid stations, and an internet-based emergency department reporting system. Animal health data were collected from DC veterinary facilities. RESULTS: Of 174 703 chief complaints from human syndromic data, there were 6 inauguration-related alerts. Inauguration attendees who visited aid stations (n = 162) and emergency departments (n = 180) most commonly reported feeling faint/dizzy (n = 29; 17.9%) and pain/cramps (n = 34;18.9%). In animals, of 533 clinical signs reported, most were gastrointestinal (n = 237; 44.5%) and occurred in canines (n = 374; 70.2%). Ten animals that presented dead on arrival were investigated; no significant threats were identified. CONCLUSION: Use of multiple surveillance systems allowed for near-real-time detection and monitoring of disease and injury syndromes in humans and domestic animals potentially associated with inaugural events and in local health care systems.

2019 meeting of the global virus network.

The Global Virus Network (GVN) was established in 2011 to strengthen research and responses to emerging viral causes of human disease and to prepare against new viral pandemics. There are now 52 GVN Centers of Excellence and 9 Affiliate laboratories in 32 countries. The 11th International GVN meeting was held from June 9-11, 2019 in Barcelona, Spain and was jointly organized with the Spanish Society of Virology. A common theme throughout the meeting was globalization and climate change. This report highlights the recent accomplishments of GVN researchers in several important areas of medical virology, including severe virus epidemics, anticipation and preparedness for changing disease dynamics, host-pathogen interactions, zoonotic virus infections, ethical preparedness for epidemics and pandemics, one health and antivirals.

Transforming the One Health workforce: lessons learned from initiatives in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

The capacity to effectively and efficiently address threats to public and animal health requires an adequately trained workforce. A prerequisite for this is an effective plan for building the capacity of both private and public health workers. Yet capacity building and workforce development within One Health collaboration remain challenging for a number of reasons, including competing priorities, sectorspecific funding and a lack of trust and communication across sectors. Practical considerations, such as differences in language and culture, and working across time zones and geography, also have a considerable influence. Consequently, previous attempts to build capacity have traditionally lacked the attributes necessary for effective development and sustainability, such as continuity and systematic coordination of the learning process. Through the presentation and analysis of two recently implemented workforce development programmes, the authors highlight effective characteristics of workforce initiatives to build capacity. Such programmes can play a strategic role in developing, coordinating and supporting systematic and sustainable training for One Health and Veterinary Services performance on a regional and global scale.

La capacité d'apporter une réponse efficace et efficiente aux dangers qui menacent la santé publique et la santé animale est indissociable de l'existence de ressources humaines dotées d'un niveau de formation adéquat. Pour garantir ce niveau il est nécessaire de planifier au préalable le renforcement des capacités des personnels des secteurs public et privé de la santé. Le développement des capacités et des compétences des ressources humaines dans le cadre d'une collaboration Une seule santé demeure toutefois une entreprise difficile pour plusieurs raisons, notamment la concurrence entre priorités, le caractère spécifiquement sectoriel de certains financements et le manque de confiance et de communication entre secteurs. Des considérations pratiques peuvent également avoir une influence considérable, par exemple les différences de langue et de culture et le fait de travailler dans des fuseaux horaires et des contextes géographiques différents. Par le passé, les tentatives de renforcement des capacités étaient dépourvues des attributs indispensables à un développement efficace et durable, en particulier la continuité et la coordination systématique du processus d'apprentissage. À travers la description et l'analyse de deux programmes récents de renforcement des compétences, les auteurs mettent en avant les paramètres nécessaires à un développement efficace des capacités des ressources humaines. Des programmes de ce type peuvent jouer un rôle stratégique majeur pour concevoir, coordonner et soutenir la formation systématique et durable des Services vétérinaires et des intervenants Une seule santé afin de développer leurs compétences à l'échelle régionale et mondiale.

Para poder combatir con eficacia y eficiencia las amenazas que pesan sobre la salud pública y la sanidad animal hay que contar con recursos humanos debidamente formados. Un requisito previo al efecto es disponer de un plan eficaz para capacitar al personal de salud tanto privado como público. Sin embargo, la capacitación y el perfeccionamiento del personal como parte de la colaboración en clave de Una sola salud siguen siendo objetivos problemáticos por diversos motivos, en particular la existencia de prioridades encontradas, el hecho de que los fondos vayan destinados específicamente a uno u otro sector y la falta de confianza y comunicación entre los sectores. También influyen sensiblemente consideraciones de índole práctica como las diferencias de idioma y cultura o la dificultad de trabajar en distintas franjas horarias y zonas geográficas. De ahí que tradicionalmente las tentativas realizadas para crear capacidad vinieran careciendo de los atributos necesarios para resultar eficaces y deparar frutos duraderos, atributos tales como la continuidad y la coordinación sistemática del proceso de aprendizaje. Presentando y analizando dos programas de perfeccionamiento del personal implantados en fechas recientes, los autores destacan las características que debe reunir una iniciativa de capacitación de los recursos humanos para ser eficaz. Los programas de este tipo pueden cumplir una función estratégica a la hora de implantar, coordinar y secundar actividades sistemáticas y sostenibles de formación en clave de Una sola salud con objeto de constituir Servicios Veterinarios eficaces a escala regional y mundial.

One Health collaborations for zoonotic disease control in Ethiopia.

Zoonotic diseases require a One Health approach for successful control and elimination due to the nature of their transmission between animals and humans. One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are all interconnected. Ethiopia has committed itself to controlling five prioritised zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis and echinococcosis), using a One Health approach. The National One Health Steering Committee (NOHSC) provides a framework for national stakeholders to address gaps in multisectoral communication, coordination and collaboration. In addition, the NOHSC oversees the formation of several specialised disease-focused groups, referred to as 'Technical Working Groups' (TWGs). These TWGs are responsible for developing disease prevention and control strategies, as well as implementing disease-focused public health activities and providing recommendations to the NOHSC. Ethiopia's success using the One Health approach and its efficient control of zoonotic diseases will depend on the commitment of all member Ministries to support the NOHSC and TWGs, as well as to build capacity in Ethiopia's workforce and laboratories, a task supported by its many international partners.

Les zoonoses étant par nature des maladies transmissibles entre les animaux et l'homme, l'approche Une seule santé est la seule qui permette de les contrôler efficacement en vue de les éliminer. Le concept Une seule santé repose sur la prise en compte de l'interconnexion entre la santé humaine, celle des animaux et celle de l'environnement. L'Éthiopie s'est fixé pour objectif de lutter contre cinq maladies zoonotiques classées comme prioritaires (rage, fièvre charbonneuse, brucellose, leptospirose et échinococcose) en suivant une approche Une seule santé. Le comité de pilotage national Une seule santé (NOHSC) apporte un cadre permettant aux parties prenantes du pays de résoudre les problèmes de communication, de coordination et de collaboration intersectorielles. En outre, le NOHSC supervise la création de plusieurs groupes de travail techniques dédiés à des maladies spécifiques. Ces groupes de travail sont chargés d'élaborer des stratégies de prévention et de contrôle, de mettre en oeuvre des activités de santé publique axées sur ces maladies et de formuler des recommandations à l'intention du NOHSC. La réussite des efforts déployés par l'Éthiopie pour appliquer les principes Une seule santé et l'efficacité de la lutte contre les maladies zoonotiques dépendront de l'engagement des ministères concernés à soutenir le NOHSC et les groupes de travail techniques et à renforcer les capacités des ressources humaines et des laboratoires éthiopiens, tâche qui bénéficie de l'appui de nombreux partenaires internationaux.

Toda labor eficaz de control y eliminación de las enfermedades zoonóticas, por la propia naturaleza de su transmisión entre animales y personas, pasa por abordar estas patologías desde los planteamientos de Una sola salud, noción esta que parte del reconocimiento de que salud humana, animal y ambiental están siempre interconectadas. Etiopía está embarcada en el innegociable empeño de combatir cinco enfermedades zoonóticas consideradas prioritarias (rabia, carbunco bacteridiano, brucelosis, leptospirosis y equinococosis) trabajando desde la óptica de Una sola salud. El Comité Directivo Nacional de Una sola salud proporciona a los interlocutores del país un marco de referencia que sirve para subsanar las lagunas existentes en cuanto a comunicación, coordinación y colaboración entre los diversos sectores. Ese órgano, además, supervisa la formación de varios grupos especializados y centrados en una u otra enfermedad, denominados grupos de trabajo técnicos, que tienen por cometido elaborar estrategias de prevención y control de una enfermedad concreta, llevar adelante acciones de salud pública dirigidas contra ella y formular recomendaciones para el Comité Directivo. El éxito de Etiopía a la hora de aplicar los postulados de Una sola salud y de combatir eficazmente las enfermedades zoonóticas dependerá del nivel de compromiso con que todos los ministerios copartícipes presten apoyo al Comité Directivo y los grupos de trabajo técnicos y ayuden a instaurar en el país un tejido lo bastante solvente de laboratorios y recursos humanos, empresa esta en la que Etiopía cuenta con el respaldo de sus numerosos asociados internacionales.

Introduction. One Health: over a decade of progress on the road to sustainability.

One Health has gained momentum in every region across the world over the past decade. The human, animal and environmental health sectors of countries worldwide have increasingly requested support for the implementation of a multisectoral, One Health approach to best address health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. Such threats include zoonotic diseases, emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, wildlife diseases and other issues that affect health, such as poverty. A variety of successes covering One Health topics at the sub-national, national, regional and global levels ranging from AMR to zoonoses are highlighted in this issue of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Scientific and Technical Review. Authors contributing to this Review were asked to highlight One Health success stories and discuss remaining challenges that might help in achieving a better understanding of the most efficient way to implement a One Health approach. The series of articles in this issue is not meant to form an exhaustive reference of every known health issue that might benefit from a One Health approach, but rather is a collection of ideas for further reflection that contributes to a better understanding of how to successfully advance the approach. This publication also highlights the challenges remaining in One Health, and its numerous authors share success stories and point out gaps so as to help others to implement One Health effectively. At the same time, these authors advocate the value of using a One Health approach to improve the health of humans and animals living in a shared environment. Readers will notice that a number of key themes are raised time and again, most notably, the value of taking a One Health approach to coordination, collaboration and communication, and the steps required to make One Health sustainable. These steps include formalising multisectoral, One Health coordination mechanisms and using One Health tools developed by national and global partners to support the approach and its implementation. The One Health approach brings together all relevant sectors and disciplines across the human-animal-environment interface in a collaboration that is more effective, efficient and sustainable than might be achieved without the shared goal of improving health for all, both humans and animals.

Nous assistons depuis une dizaine d'années à la montée en puissance de l'approche Une seule santé dans toutes les régions du monde. Les secteurs nationaux en charge de la santé publique, animale et environnementale sont désormais nombreux à demander d'être soutenus dans la mise en place d'une approche Une seule santé multisectorielle pour mieux faire face aux menaces sanitaires à l'interface homme­ animal­environnement. Parmi ces menaces figurent les maladies zoonotiques, les maladies infectieuses émergentes, l'antibiorésistance, la sécurité sanitaire des aliments, les maladies de la faune sauvages et d'autres problématiques affectant la santé, en particulier la pauvreté. Ce numéro de la Revue scientifique et technique de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) met en avant un certain nombre d'exemples réussis d'applications à l'échelle infranationale, nationale, régionale et mondiale du concept Une seule santé dans différents domaines allant de l'antibiorésistance aux zoonoses. Il a été demandé aux auteurs qui ont contribué à ce numéro de décrire les exemples d'applications réussies, mais aussi d'examiner les défis à relever afin de réunir les connaissances qui nous permettront de mettre en oeuvre cette approche de la manière la plus efficace possible. Les articles réunis dans ce numéro ne prétendent pas constituer l'inventaire exhaustif de tous les problèmes sanitaires connus ayant pu bénéficier de l'approche Une seule santé mais proposent plutôt un recueil d'idées destinées à mener une réflexion approfondie pour une meilleure compréhension des progrès qui pourraient être envisagés avec succès. Cette publication souligne également les défis qui restent à relever dans ce domaine, les nombreux auteurs faisant ressortir aussi bien les récits de réussites que les lacunes à combler afin d'aider d'autres acteurs à mettre en oeuvre efficacement l'approche Une seule santé. En même temps, les auteurs préconisent d'appliquer l'approche Une seule santé afin d'améliorer la santé des hommes et des animaux vivant dans un même environnement. Les lecteurs ne manqueront pas de constater que certaines thématiques clés apparaissent maintes et maintes fois, par exemple l'importance de l'approche Une seule santé pour renforcer la coordination, la collaboration et la communication ainsi que les différentes mesures à prendre pour en garantir la durabilité. Ces mesures concernent notamment la mise en place de mécanismes officiels et multisectoriels de coordination et le recours aux outils Une seule santé élaborés par les partenaires nationaux et mondiaux afin de soutenir l'approche et sa mise en oeuvre. Cette approche réunit toutes les disciplines et les secteurs pertinents à l'interface homme­animal­ environnement en vue d'une collaboration plus efficace, plus efficiente et plus durable, ce qui n'aurait pas été le cas sans cet objectif commun d'améliorer la santé pour tous, hommes et animaux.

En el curso del último decenio, los planteamientos de Una sola salud han ido ganando impulso en todas las regiones del planeta. Los sectores de la salud humana, animal y ambiental de países del mundo entero piden cada vez más apoyo para poner en práctica la lógica multisectorial de Una sola salud como expediente idóneo para afrontar las amenazas sanitarias que surgen en los ámbitos de confluencia (la interfaz) de personas, animales y medio ambiente, amenazas como enfermedades zoonóticas, enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, resistencias a los antimicrobianos, factores de insalubridad de los alimentos o enfermedades de la fauna silvestre, sin olvidar otros problemas que también inciden en la salud, como la pobreza. En este número de la Revista científica y técnica de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) se destacan diversos logros obtenidos a escala infranacional, nacional, regional o mundial en relación con uno u otro tema ligado a la noción de Una sola salud, desde la resistencia a los antimicrobianos hasta las zoonosis. A los autores que firman los artículos de este número se les pidió que dieran cuenta de ejemplos en que se hubieran aplicado con éxito los principios de Una sola salud y examinaran aquellos problemas aún por resolver que pudieran ser de ayuda para aprehender más eficazmente la mejor manera de poner en práctica los postulados de Una sola salud. El conjunto de artículos aquí reunidos no aspira a constituir una referencia exhaustiva de todos los problemas sanitarios conocidos que podrían beneficiarse de los principios de Una sola salud, sino más bien una suma de ideas que alimenten la reflexión y ayuden a entender mejor la manera de promover con éxito esta metodología. También se destacan aquí las dificultades que subsisten en relación con Una sola salud: los numerosos autores que firman esta publicación dan cuenta de ejemplos fructíferos y también de eventuales deficiencias para ayudar a otros a aplicar eficazmente los principios de Una sola salud, al tiempo que defienden el interés de trabajar desde este planteamiento para mejorar el estado de salud de personas y animales que habitan un medio común. Observará el lector que hay una serie de temas cardinales que surgen una y otra vez, en especial la utilidad de inscribir las labores de coordinación, colaboración y comunicación en la lógica de Una sola salud y los pasos necesarios para que esta metodología arraigue duraderamente, entre ellos el hecho de oficializar mecanismos de coordinación multisectorial en clave de Una sola salud y de emplear las herramientas de Una sola salud elaboradas por asociados de dimensión nacional o mundial para enriquecer este concepto o respaldar su aplicación práctica. La lógica de Una sola salud federa a cuantos sectores y disciplinas intervienen en la interfaz de personas, animales y medio ambiente en un proceso de colaboración que resulta más eficaz, eficiente y sostenible de lo que podría conseguirse en ausencia del objetivo común de mejorar el estado de salud tanto de las personas como de los animales.

Importance of a One Health approach in advancing global health security and the Sustainable Development Goals.

The One Health approach supports global health security by improving coordination, collaboration and communication at the human-animal-environment interface to address shared health threats such as zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and others. Over the past decade, country after country has implemented the One Health approach and demonstrated recognised benefits. However, in order to build sustainability of One Health in these efforts, One Health champions and implementers need to collect and provide government decision-makers with country-level data on One Health's impact to help justify policy decisions and resource allocations. Due to the broad, often seemingly all encompassing, nature of One Health in promoting synergies of multiple disciplines and sectors, the One Health community has faced difficulties in determining specific One Health impact indicators for formally evaluating One Health successes. In this paper, the author a) briefly reviews the ongoing commentary on the recognised benefits of the implementation of a One Health approach in the global health security context, b) discusses challenges in measuring the impact of One Health, and c) proposes possible solutions for evaluating the impact of One Health on global health security.

L'approche Une seule santé soutient la sécurité sanitaire mondiale en améliorant la coordination, la collaboration et la communication à l'interface entre les humains, les animaux et l'environnement afin de répondre aux menaces qui leur sont communes, qu'il s'agisse des maladies zoonotiques, de la résistance aux agents antimicrobiens, de la sécurité sanitaire des aliments ou d'autres encore. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les pays ont peu à peu adopté l'approche. Une seule santé et perçu les bénéfices qu'elle apporte. Toutefois, pour asseoir la durabilité des efforts déployés selon l'approche Une seule santé, les principaux pionniers et acteurs de sa mise en œuvre doivent recueillir des données sur l'impact de cette approche au niveau national et les communiquer aux décideurs politiques afin de les aider à justifier les politiques menées et les allocations de ressources. En raison de l'ampleur de l'approche Une seule santé et du caractère souvent globalisant qu'elle peut présenter dans la promotion des synergies pluridisciplinaires et intersectorielles, la communauté Une seule santé rencontre quelques difficultés à déterminer des indicateurs d'impact spécifiques permettant d'évaluer formellement les résultats positifs d'Une seule santé. Dans cet article, l'auteur a) fait le point sur la perception actuelle des bénéfices reconnus de la mise en œuvre de l'approche Une seule santé dans le contexte de la sécurité sanitaire mondiale ; b) examine les défis liés à l'estimation de l'impact d'Une seule santé ; c) propose quelques solutions envisageables pour évaluer cet impact sur la sécurité sanitaire mondiale.

La filosofía de Una sola salud favorece la seguridad sanitaria mundial porque mejora la labor de coordinación, colaboración y comunicación en la confluencia de personas, animales y medio ambiente para afrontar amenazas sanitarias comunes, como puedan ser enfermedades zoonóticas, resistencias a los antimicrobianos o peligros para la inocuidad de los alimentos. De un decenio a esta parte, en un país tras otro, la noción de Una sola salud ha sido aplicada en la práctica y deparado indudables beneficios. Sin embargo, para inscribirla duraderamente en este quehacer, quienes la promueven y pugnan por aplicarla deben reunir datos que demuestren su incidencia real en cada país y hacer llegar esos datos a las instancias decisorias de los gobiernos para que estos puedan fundamentar en ellos sus decisiones sobre políticas y sobre distribución de los recursos. Por la propia amplitud de la noción de Una sola salud, percibida a menudo como una filosofía global para promover sinergias entre múltiples disciplinas y sectores, quienes trabajan en el tema han tenido dificultades para dar con indicadores referidos específicamente al impacto de Una sola salud que ayuden a evaluar oficialmente los éxitos que haya podido deparar. El autor procede: a) repasar brevemente las observaciones actuales sobre las reconocidas ventajas de abordar las cuestiones de seguridad sanitaria mundial desde la óptica de Una sola salud; b) examinar los problemas que se plantean para cuantificar el impacto de esta filosofía; y c) proponer posibles soluciones para determinar el impacto de Una sola salud en la seguridad sanitaria mundia.

A One Health approach to prevention, treatment, and control of campylobacteriosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent findings regarding the control and treatment of campylobacteriosis. RECENT FINDINGS: The application of improved diagnostics has led to an upward shift in the attributable burden of Campylobacter infections, in both the United States and Europe as well as in resource-poor settings. Increased focus has brought a fundamental feature of campylobacteriosis -- the ability to cause relapsing disease back into focus, and expanding data on antimicrobial resistance has lead from a switch in first-line therapy for severe diarrhea from quinolones to azithromycin in most contexts, even as evidence of expanding macrolide resistance emerges. SUMMARY: Campylobacter spp. infection is a common infection worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. has become an emerging threat with the increase in industrial poultry production, as well as the broad use of antibiotics in both animals and humans.

Strengthening multi-sectoral collaboration on critical health issues: One Health Systems Mapping and Analysis Resource Toolkit (OH-SMART) for operationalizing One Health.

Addressing critical global health issues, such as antimicrobial resistance, infectious disease outbreaks, and natural disasters, requires strong coordination and management across sectors. The One Health approach is the integrative effort of multiple sectors working to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment, and is increasingly recognized by experts as a means to address complex challenges. However, practical application of the One Health approach has been challenging. The One Health Systems Mapping and Analysis Resource Toolkit (OH-SMART) introduced in this paper was designed using a multistage prototyping process to support systematic improvement in multi-sectoral coordination and collaboration to better address complex health concerns through an operational, stepwise, and practical One Health approach. To date, OH-SMART has been used to strengthen One Health systems in 17 countries and has been deployed to revise emergency response frameworks, improve antimicrobial resistance national action plans and create multi agency infectious disease collaboration protocols. OH-SMART has proven to be user friendly, robust, and capable of fostering multi-sectoral collaboration and complex system-wide problem solving.